22 #include "../../SDL_internal.h" 24 #if SDL_VIDEO_DRIVER_WAYLAND 30 #include "../../core/unix/SDL_poll.h" 31 #include "../../events/SDL_sysevents.h" 32 #include "../../events/SDL_events_c.h" 33 #include "../../events/scancodes_xfree86.h" 46 #include <linux/input.h> 47 #include <sys/select.h> 51 #include <xkbcommon/xkbcommon.h> 53 struct SDL_WaylandInput {
57 struct wl_touch *touch;
58 struct wl_keyboard *keyboard;
60 struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 *relative_pointer;
72 struct xkb_keymap *keymap;
73 struct xkb_state *
state;
77 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint {
83 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* prev;
84 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* next;
87 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPointList {
88 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint*
head;
89 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint*
tail;
92 static struct SDL_WaylandTouchPointList touch_points = {
NULL,
NULL};
97 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* tp =
SDL_malloc(
sizeof(
struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint));
104 if (touch_points.tail) {
105 touch_points.tail->next = tp;
106 tp->prev = touch_points.tail;
108 touch_points.head = tp;
112 touch_points.tail = tp;
119 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* tp = touch_points.head;
134 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* tp = touch_points.head;
142 tp->prev->next = tp->next;
144 touch_points.head = tp->next;
148 tp->next->prev = tp->prev;
150 touch_points.tail = tp->prev;
160 static struct wl_surface*
163 struct SDL_WaylandTouchPoint* tp = touch_points.head;
182 WAYLAND_wl_display_flush(d->
display);
185 err = WAYLAND_wl_display_dispatch(d->
display);
187 err = WAYLAND_wl_display_dispatch_pending(d->
display);
201 pointer_handle_enter(
void *
data,
struct wl_pointer *
pointer,
202 uint32_t serial,
struct wl_surface *surface,
203 wl_fixed_t sx_w, wl_fixed_t sy_w)
222 input->pointer_focus =
window;
228 pointer_handle_leave(
void *data,
struct wl_pointer *pointer,
229 uint32_t serial,
struct wl_surface *surface)
231 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
233 if (input->pointer_focus) {
235 input->pointer_focus =
NULL;
240 pointer_handle_motion(
void *data,
struct wl_pointer *pointer,
243 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
247 if (input->pointer_focus) {
248 const int sx = wl_fixed_to_int(sx_w);
249 const int sy = wl_fixed_to_int(sy_w);
255 ProcessHitTest(
struct SDL_WaylandInput *input,
uint32_t serial)
261 const SDL_Point point = { wl_fixed_to_int(input->sx_w), wl_fixed_to_int(input->sy_w) };
264 static const uint32_t directions_wl[] = {
273 const uint32_t *directions_zxdg = directions_wl;
277 if (input->display->shell.xdg) {
279 }
else if (input->display->shell.zxdg) {
294 if (input->display->shell.xdg) {
296 }
else if (input->display->shell.zxdg) {
311 pointer_handle_button_common(
struct SDL_WaylandInput *input,
uint32_t serial,
318 if (input->pointer_focus) {
322 if (ProcessHitTest(input, serial)) {
350 pointer_handle_button(
void *data,
struct wl_pointer *pointer,
uint32_t serial,
353 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
355 pointer_handle_button_common(input, serial, time, button, state_w);
359 pointer_handle_axis_common(
struct SDL_WaylandInput *input,
366 if (input->pointer_focus) {
370 y = 0 - (float)wl_fixed_to_double(value);
373 x = 0 - (float)wl_fixed_to_double(value);
385 pointer_handle_axis(
void *data,
struct wl_pointer *pointer,
388 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
390 pointer_handle_axis_common(input, time, axis, value);
394 pointer_handle_enter,
395 pointer_handle_leave,
396 pointer_handle_motion,
397 pointer_handle_button,
406 touch_handler_down(
void *data,
struct wl_touch *touch,
unsigned int serial,
407 unsigned int timestamp,
struct wl_surface *surface,
408 int id, wl_fixed_t fx, wl_fixed_t fy)
411 const double dblx = wl_fixed_to_double(fx);
412 const double dbly = wl_fixed_to_double(fy);
413 const float x = dblx / window_data->
sdlwindow->
w;
414 const float y = dbly / window_data->
sdlwindow->
h;
416 touch_add(
id, x, y, surface);
422 touch_handler_up(
void *data,
struct wl_touch *touch,
unsigned int serial,
423 unsigned int timestamp,
int id)
427 touch_del(
id, &x, &y);
432 touch_handler_motion(
void *data,
struct wl_touch *touch,
unsigned int timestamp,
433 int id, wl_fixed_t fx, wl_fixed_t fy)
436 const double dblx = wl_fixed_to_double(fx);
437 const double dbly = wl_fixed_to_double(fy);
438 const float x = dblx / window_data->
sdlwindow->
w;
439 const float y = dbly / window_data->
sdlwindow->
h;
441 touch_update(
id, x, y);
446 touch_handler_frame(
void *data,
struct wl_touch *touch)
452 touch_handler_cancel(
void *data,
struct wl_touch *touch)
460 touch_handler_motion,
462 touch_handler_cancel,
468 keyboard_handle_keymap(
void *data,
struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
471 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
484 map_str = mmap(
NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
485 if (map_str == MAP_FAILED) {
490 input->xkb.keymap = WAYLAND_xkb_keymap_new_from_string(input->display->xkb_context,
492 XKB_KEYMAP_FORMAT_TEXT_V1,
494 munmap(map_str, size);
497 if (!input->xkb.keymap) {
498 fprintf(stderr,
"failed to compile keymap\n");
502 input->xkb.state = WAYLAND_xkb_state_new(input->xkb.keymap);
503 if (!input->xkb.state) {
504 fprintf(stderr,
"failed to create XKB state\n");
505 WAYLAND_xkb_keymap_unref(input->xkb.keymap);
506 input->xkb.keymap =
NULL;
512 keyboard_handle_enter(
void *data,
struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
513 uint32_t serial,
struct wl_surface *surface,
514 struct wl_array *keys)
516 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
527 input->keyboard_focus =
window;
534 keyboard_handle_leave(
void *data,
struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
535 uint32_t serial,
struct wl_surface *surface)
541 keyboard_handle_key(
void *data,
struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
545 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
548 const xkb_keysym_t *syms;
566 if (WAYLAND_xkb_state_key_get_syms(input->xkb.state, key + 8, &syms) != 1)
570 size = WAYLAND_xkb_keysym_to_utf8(syms[0], text,
sizeof text);
583 keyboard_handle_modifiers(
void *data,
struct wl_keyboard *keyboard,
588 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
590 WAYLAND_xkb_state_update_mask(input->xkb.state, mods_depressed, mods_latched,
591 mods_locked, 0, 0, group);
595 keyboard_handle_keymap,
596 keyboard_handle_enter,
597 keyboard_handle_leave,
599 keyboard_handle_modifiers,
604 seat_handle_capabilities(
void *data,
struct wl_seat *seat,
607 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
611 input->display->pointer = input->pointer;
615 }
else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_POINTER) && input->pointer) {
617 input->pointer =
NULL;
618 input->display->pointer =
NULL;
627 }
else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_TOUCH) && input->touch) {
638 }
else if (!(caps & WL_SEAT_CAPABILITY_KEYBOARD) && input->keyboard) {
640 input->keyboard =
NULL;
645 seat_handle_capabilities,
650 data_source_handle_target(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source,
651 const char *mime_type)
656 data_source_handle_send(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source,
657 const char *mime_type,
int32_t fd)
663 data_source_handle_cancelled(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source)
669 data_source_handle_dnd_drop_performed(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source)
674 data_source_handle_dnd_finished(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source)
679 data_source_handle_action(
void *data,
struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source,
685 data_source_handle_target,
686 data_source_handle_send,
687 data_source_handle_cancelled,
688 data_source_handle_dnd_drop_performed,
689 data_source_handle_dnd_finished,
690 data_source_handle_action,
698 struct wl_data_source *
id =
NULL;
713 data_source =
SDL_calloc(1,
sizeof *data_source);
714 if (data_source ==
NULL) {
718 WAYLAND_wl_list_init(&(data_source->
mimes));
730 data_offer_handle_offer(
void *data,
struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer,
731 const char *mime_type)
738 data_offer_handle_source_actions(
void *data,
struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer,
744 data_offer_handle_actions(
void *data,
struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer,
750 data_offer_handle_offer,
751 data_offer_handle_source_actions,
752 data_offer_handle_actions,
756 data_device_handle_data_offer(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device,
757 struct wl_data_offer *
id)
761 data_offer =
SDL_calloc(1,
sizeof *data_offer);
762 if (data_offer ==
NULL) {
767 WAYLAND_wl_list_init(&(data_offer->
mimes));
774 data_device_handle_enter(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device,
775 uint32_t serial,
struct wl_surface *surface,
776 wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y,
struct wl_data_offer *
id)
800 dnd_action, dnd_action);
805 data_device_handle_leave(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device)
817 data_device_handle_motion(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device,
818 uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y)
823 data_device_handle_drop(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device)
829 const char *current_uri =
NULL;
830 const char *last_char =
NULL;
831 char *current_char =
NULL;
839 current_uri = (
const char *)buffer;
840 last_char = (
const char *)buffer + length;
841 for (current_char = buffer; current_char < last_char; ++current_char) {
842 if (*current_char ==
'\n' || *current_char == 0) {
843 if (*current_uri != 0 && *current_uri !=
'#') {
847 current_uri = (
const char *)current_char + 1;
856 data_device_handle_selection(
void *data,
struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device,
857 struct wl_data_offer *
id)
875 data_device_handle_data_offer,
876 data_device_handle_enter,
877 data_device_handle_leave,
878 data_device_handle_motion,
879 data_device_handle_drop,
880 data_device_handle_selection
886 struct SDL_WaylandInput *
input;
895 input->sx_w = wl_fixed_from_int(0);
896 input->sy_w = wl_fixed_from_int(0);
900 data_device =
SDL_calloc(1,
sizeof *data_device);
901 if (data_device ==
NULL) {
915 &data_device_listener, data_device);
916 input->data_device = data_device;
923 WAYLAND_wl_display_flush(d->
display);
928 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input = d->
input;
933 if (input->data_device !=
NULL) {
935 if (input->data_device->selection_offer !=
NULL) {
938 if (input->data_device->drag_offer !=
NULL) {
941 if (input->data_device->data_device !=
NULL) {
961 if (input->xkb.state)
962 WAYLAND_xkb_state_unref(input->xkb.state);
964 if (input->xkb.keymap)
965 WAYLAND_xkb_keymap_unref(input->xkb.keymap);
977 return input->data_device;
1008 relative_pointer_handle_relative_motion(
void *data,
1009 struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 *pointer,
1014 wl_fixed_t dx_unaccel_w,
1015 wl_fixed_t dy_unaccel_w)
1017 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input =
data;
1025 dx_unaccel = wl_fixed_to_double(dx_unaccel_w);
1026 dy_unaccel = wl_fixed_to_double(dy_unaccel_w);
1029 dx_unaccel += input->dx_frac;
1030 dy_unaccel += input->dy_frac;
1032 input->dx_frac = modf(dx_unaccel, &dx);
1033 input->dy_frac = modf(dy_unaccel, &dy);
1041 relative_pointer_handle_relative_motion,
1045 locked_pointer_locked(
void *data,
1046 struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 *locked_pointer)
1051 locked_pointer_unlocked(
void *data,
1052 struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 *locked_pointer)
1057 locked_pointer_locked,
1058 locked_pointer_unlocked,
1063 struct SDL_WaylandInput *input)
1067 struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 *locked_pointer;
1079 &locked_pointer_listener,
1090 struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 *relative_pointer;
1098 if (!input->pointer)
1101 if (!input->relative_pointer) {
1107 &relative_pointer_listener,
1109 input->relative_pointer = relative_pointer;
1112 for (window = vd->
windows; window; window = window->
next)
1113 lock_pointer_to_window(window, input);
1127 for (window = vd->
windows; window; window = window->
next) {
1135 input->relative_pointer =
NULL;
static struct wl_data_source * wl_data_device_manager_create_data_source(struct wl_data_device_manager *wl_data_device_manager)
ssize_t Wayland_data_source_send(SDL_WaylandDataSource *source, const char *mime_type, int fd)
int Wayland_input_unlock_pointer(struct SDL_WaylandInput *input)
void Wayland_display_destroy_pointer_constraints(SDL_VideoData *d)
static void zxdg_toplevel_v6_resize(struct zxdg_toplevel_v6 *zxdg_toplevel_v6, struct wl_seat *seat, uint32_t serial, uint32_t edges)
struct zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1 * relative_pointer_manager
struct zxdg_toplevel_v6 * toplevel
union SDL_WindowData::@267 shell_surface
void Wayland_display_destroy_relative_pointer_manager(SDL_VideoData *d)
int SDL_IOReady(int fd, SDL_bool forWrite, int timeoutMS)
void SDL_SetKeyboardFocus(SDL_Window *window)
EGLSurface EGLnsecsANDROID time
SDL_bool Wayland_data_offer_has_mime(SDL_WaylandDataOffer *offer, const char *mime_type)
GLint GLint GLint GLint GLint x
struct wl_shell_surface * wl
static void wl_pointer_destroy(struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer)
int SDL_SendDropFile(SDL_Window *window, const char *file)
struct wl_display * display
const struct wl_interface zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1_interface
void Wayland_display_add_pointer_constraints(SDL_VideoData *d, uint32_t id)
The structure that defines a point (integer)
static void * wl_registry_bind(struct wl_registry *wl_registry, uint32_t name, const struct wl_interface *interface, uint32_t version)
int SDL_SendTouch(SDL_TouchID id, SDL_FingerID fingerid, SDL_bool down, float x, float y, float pressure)
static struct wl_data_device * wl_data_device_manager_get_data_device(struct wl_data_device_manager *wl_data_device_manager, struct wl_seat *seat)
static void wl_data_offer_set_user_data(struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer, void *user_data)
static void xdg_toplevel_move(struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel, struct wl_seat *seat, uint32_t serial)
static int wl_data_source_add_listener(struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source, const struct wl_data_source_listener *listener, void *data)
static const SDL_Scancode xfree86_scancode_table2[]
GLint GLenum GLsizei GLsizei GLsizei GLint GLsizei const GLvoid * data
int Wayland_input_lock_pointer(struct SDL_WaylandInput *input)
void SDL_SetMouseFocus(SDL_Window *window)
struct wl_data_source * source
struct SDL_WaylandInput * input
static int zwp_relative_pointer_v1_add_listener(struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 *zwp_relative_pointer_v1, const struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1_listener *listener, void *data)
static void wl_seat_destroy(struct wl_seat *wl_seat)
static struct wl_touch * wl_seat_get_touch(struct wl_seat *wl_seat)
int SDL_SendKeyboardKey(Uint8 state, SDL_Scancode scancode)
int SDL_SendTouchMotion(SDL_TouchID id, SDL_FingerID fingerid, float x, float y, float pressure)
int SDL_AddTouch(SDL_TouchID touchID, SDL_TouchDeviceType type, const char *name)
void Wayland_display_add_relative_pointer_manager(SDL_VideoData *d, uint32_t id)
static SDL_VideoDevice * _this
SDL_HitTestResult
Possible return values from the SDL_HitTest callback.
GLint GLint GLsizei GLsizei GLsizei GLint GLenum format
static void wl_data_offer_accept(struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer, uint32_t serial, const char *mime_type)
struct SDL_WaylandInput * keyboard_device
SDL_xdg_shell_surface xdg
void(* offer)(void *data, struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer, const char *mime_type)
void Wayland_data_offer_destroy(SDL_WaylandDataOffer *offer)
const struct wl_interface zwp_pointer_constraints_v1_interface
struct wl_data_device_manager * data_device_manager
GLenum GLenum GLenum input
static void * wl_data_offer_get_user_data(struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer)
int SDL_SendMouseMotion(SDL_Window *window, SDL_MouseID mouseID, int relative, int x, int y)
struct xdg_toplevel * toplevel
SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char int SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char int SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char int SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char const char SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING const char return SDL_ThreadFunction const char void return Uint32 return Uint32 SDL_AssertionHandler void SDL_SpinLock SDL_atomic_t int int return SDL_atomic_t return void void void return void return int return SDL_AudioSpec SDL_AudioSpec return int int return return int SDL_RWops int SDL_AudioSpec Uint8 ** d
static void zwp_pointer_constraints_v1_destroy(struct zwp_pointer_constraints_v1 *zwp_pointer_constraints_v1)
void Wayland_data_source_destroy(SDL_WaylandDataSource *source)
int SDL_SendClipboardUpdate(void)
int SDL_SendKeyboardText(const char *text)
int Wayland_data_device_set_serial(SDL_WaylandDataDevice *device, uint32_t serial)
static struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 * zwp_pointer_constraints_v1_lock_pointer(struct zwp_pointer_constraints_v1 *zwp_pointer_constraints_v1, struct wl_surface *surface, struct wl_pointer *pointer, struct wl_region *region, uint32_t lifetime)
GLubyte GLubyte GLubyte GLubyte w
GLsizei const GLfloat * value
void SDL_DelTouch(SDL_TouchID id)
SDL_WaylandDataSource * Wayland_data_source_create(_THIS)
#define SDL_BUTTON_MIDDLE
GLint GLint GLint GLint GLint GLint y
union SDL_zxdg_shell_surface::@265 roleobj
static void wl_seat_set_user_data(struct wl_seat *wl_seat, void *user_data)
static void zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1_destroy(struct zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1 *zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1)
static struct wl_pointer * wl_seat_get_pointer(struct wl_seat *wl_seat)
static int wl_touch_add_listener(struct wl_touch *wl_touch, const struct wl_touch_listener *listener, void *data)
GLsizei const void * pointer
static void wl_touch_set_user_data(struct wl_touch *wl_touch, void *user_data)
static void wl_data_offer_set_actions(struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer, uint32_t dnd_actions, uint32_t preferred_action)
static int wl_pointer_add_listener(struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, const struct wl_pointer_listener *listener, void *data)
static int wl_data_offer_add_listener(struct wl_data_offer *wl_data_offer, const struct wl_data_offer_listener *listener, void *data)
int Wayland_data_offer_add_mime(SDL_WaylandDataOffer *offer, const char *mime_type)
union SDL_xdg_shell_surface::@266 roleobj
static int wl_seat_add_listener(struct wl_seat *wl_seat, const struct wl_seat_listener *listener, void *data)
struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 * locked_pointer
void Wayland_display_add_input(SDL_VideoData *d, uint32_t id)
static void * wl_surface_get_user_data(struct wl_surface *wl_surface)
SDL_WaylandDataDevice * Wayland_get_data_device(struct SDL_WaylandInput *input)
SDL_VideoData * video_data
static void wl_data_device_release(struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device)
static void zwp_relative_pointer_v1_destroy(struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 *zwp_relative_pointer_v1)
#define SDL_OutOfMemory()
static int zwp_locked_pointer_v1_add_listener(struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 *zwp_locked_pointer_v1, const struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1_listener *listener, void *data)
int SDL_SendMouseWheel(SDL_Window *window, SDL_MouseID mouseID, float x, float y, SDL_MouseWheelDirection direction)
static void wl_data_device_set_user_data(struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device, void *user_data)
struct wl_data_device * data_device
static int wl_keyboard_add_listener(struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard, const struct wl_keyboard_listener *listener, void *data)
static void zwp_locked_pointer_v1_destroy(struct zwp_locked_pointer_v1 *zwp_locked_pointer_v1)
static char text[MAX_TEXT_LENGTH]
SDL_WaylandDataOffer * selection_offer
static int wl_data_device_add_listener(struct wl_data_device *wl_data_device, const struct wl_data_device_listener *listener, void *data)
static void zxdg_toplevel_v6_move(struct zxdg_toplevel_v6 *zxdg_toplevel_v6, struct wl_seat *seat, uint32_t serial)
SDL_zxdg_shell_surface zxdg
void Wayland_display_destroy_input(SDL_VideoData *d)
void Wayland_PumpEvents(_THIS)
EGLSurface EGLNativeWindowType * window
static void xdg_toplevel_resize(struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel, struct wl_seat *seat, uint32_t serial, uint32_t edges)
The type used to identify a window.
static void wl_keyboard_destroy(struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard)
struct wl_registry * registry
struct wl_data_offer * offer
static void wl_data_source_destroy(struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source)
SDL_VideoDevice * SDL_GetVideoDevice(void)
const struct wl_interface wl_seat_interface
static struct zwp_relative_pointer_v1 * zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1_get_relative_pointer(struct zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1 *zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1, struct wl_pointer *pointer)
#define SDL_arraysize(array)
int Wayland_data_device_clear_selection(SDL_WaylandDataDevice *device)
static void wl_data_source_set_user_data(struct wl_data_source *wl_data_source, void *user_data)
static void wl_pointer_set_user_data(struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, void *user_data)
static void wl_keyboard_set_user_data(struct wl_keyboard *wl_keyboard, void *user_data)
GLuint GLsizei GLsizei * length
struct zwp_pointer_constraints_v1 * pointer_constraints
GLboolean GLboolean GLboolean GLboolean a
void * Wayland_data_offer_receive(SDL_WaylandDataOffer *offer, size_t *length, const char *mime_type, SDL_bool null_terminate)
static void wl_shell_surface_move(struct wl_shell_surface *wl_shell_surface, struct wl_seat *seat, uint32_t serial)
int SDL_SendMouseButton(SDL_Window *window, SDL_MouseID mouseID, Uint8 state, Uint8 button)
SDL_WaylandDataOffer * drag_offer
static struct wl_keyboard * wl_seat_get_keyboard(struct wl_seat *wl_seat)
static void wl_touch_destroy(struct wl_touch *wl_touch)